- 27 Sep, 2006 40 commits
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David Howells authored
Make futexes work under NOMMU conditions. This can be tested by running this in one shell: #define SYSERROR(X, Y) \ do { if ((long)(X) == -1L) { perror(Y); exit(1); }} while(0) int main() { int shmid, tmp, *f, n; shmid = shmget(23, 4, IPC_CREAT|0666); SYSERROR(shmid, "shmget"); f = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0); SYSERROR(f, "shmat"); n = *f; printf("WAIT: %p{%x}\n", f, n); tmp = futex(f, FUTEX_WAIT, n, NULL, NULL, 0); SYSERROR(tmp, "futex"); printf("WAITED: %d\n", tmp); tmp = shmdt(f); SYSERROR(tmp, "shmdt"); exit(0); } And then this in the other shell: #define SYSERROR(X, Y) \ do { if ((long)(X) == -1L) { perror(Y); exit(1); }} while(0) int main() { int shmid, tmp, *f; shmid = shmget(23, 4, IPC_CREAT|0666); SYSERROR(shmid, "shmget"); f = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0); SYSERROR(f, "shmat"); (*f)++; printf("WAKE: %p{%x}\n", f, *f); tmp = futex(f, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, NULL, NULL, 0); SYSERROR(tmp, "futex"); printf("WOKE: %d\n", tmp); tmp = shmdt(f); SYSERROR(tmp, "shmdt"); exit(0); } The first program will set up a SYSV IPC SHM segment and wait on a futex in it for the number at the start to change. The program will increment that number and wake the first program up. This leads to output of the form: SHELL 1 SHELL 2 ======================= ======================= # /dowait WAIT: 0xc32ac000{0} # /dowake WAKE: 0xc32ac000{1} WAITED: 0 WOKE: 1 Signed-off-by:David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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David Howells authored
Add documentation about using shared memory in NOMMU mode. Signed-off-by:
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David Howells authored
Make mremap() partially work for NOMMU kernels. It may resize a VMA provided that it doesn't exceed the size of the slab object in which the storage is allocated that the VMA refers to. Shareable VMAs may not be resized. Moving VMAs (as permitted by MREMAP_MAYMOVE) is not currently supported. This patch also makes use of the fact that the VMA list is now ordered to cut it short when possible. Signed-off-by:
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David Howells authored
Order the per-mm_struct VMA list by address so that searching it can be cut short when the appropriate address has been exceeded. Signed-off-by:
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David Howells authored
Implement /proc/pid/maps for NOMMU by reading the vm_area_list attached to current->mm->context.vmlist. Signed-off-by:
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David Howells authored
Permit ptrace to modify a section that's non-shared but is marked unwritable, such as is obtained by mapping the text segment of an ELF-FDPIC executable binary with into a binary that's being ptraced[*]. [*] Under NOMMU conditions ptrace causes read-only MAP_PRIVATE mmaps to become totally private copies because if a private mapping was actually shared then the debugging setting breakpoints in it would potentially crash other processes. This is done by using the VM_MAYWRITE flag rather than the VM_WRITE flag when deciding whether to permit a write. Without this patch a debugger can't set breakpoints in the mapped text sections of executables that are mapped read-only private, even if the mmap() syscall has taken a private copy because PT_PTRACED is set. In addition, VM_MAYREAD is used instead of VM_READ for similar reasons. Signed-off-by: -
David Howells authored
Check the VMA protections in get_user_pages() against what's being asked. This checks to see that we don't accidentally write on a non-writable VMA or permit an I/O mapping VMA to be accessed (which may lack page structs). Signed-off-by:
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Sonic Zhang authored
In NOMMU arch, if run "cat /proc/self/mem", data from physical address 0 are read. This behavior is different from MMU arch. In IA32, message "cat: /proc/self/mem: Input/output error" is reported. This issue is rootcaused by not validate the start address in NOMMU function get_user_pages(). Following patch solves this issue. Signed-off-by:
Sonic Zhang <sonic.adi@gmail.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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David Howells authored
Use find_vma() in the NOMMU version of access_process_vm() rather than reimplementing it. Signed-off-by:
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David Howells authored
Set the backing device info capabilities for /dev/mem and /dev/kmem to permit direct sharing under no-MMU conditions and full mapping capabilities under MMU conditions. Make the BDI used by these available to all directly mappable character devices. Also comment the capabilities for /dev/zero. [akpm@osdl.org: ifdef reductions] Signed-off-by:
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David Howells authored
Check that access_process_vm() is accessing a valid mapping in the target process. This limits ptrace() accesses and accesses through /proc/<pid>/maps to only those regions actually mapped by a program. Signed-off-by:
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Haavard Skinnemoen authored
Signed-off-by:
Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Rolf Eike Beer authored
The function is exported but not used from anywhere else. It's also marked as "not for driver use" so noone out there should really care. Signed-off-by:
Rolf Eike Beer <eike-kernel@sf-tec.de> Signed-off-by:
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Rolf Eike Beer authored
The empty line between the short description and the first argument description causes a section to appear twice in the generated manpage. Also the short description should really be short: the script can't handle multiple lines. Signed-off-by:
Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net> Signed-off-by:
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Randy Dunlap authored
Use NULL instead of 0 for pointer value, eliminate sparse warnings. Signed-off-by:
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Jes Sorensen authored
Implement the special memory driver (mspec) based on the do_no_pfn approach. The driver is currently used only on SN2 hardware with special fetchop support but could be beneficial on other architectures using the uncached mode. Signed-off-by:
Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by:
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Jes Sorensen authored
Implement do_no_pfn() for handling mapping of memory without a struct page backing it. This avoids creating fake page table entries for regions which are not backed by real memory. This feature is used by the MSPEC driver and other users, where it is highly undesirable to have a struct page sitting behind the page (for instance if the page is accessed in cached mode via the struct page in parallel to the the driver accessing it uncached, which can result in data corruption on some architectures, such as ia64). This version uses specific NOPFN_{SIGBUS,OOM} return values, rather than expect all negative pfn values would be an error. It also bugs on cow mappings as this would not work with the VM. [akpm@osdl.org: micro-optimise] Signed-off-by: -
Christoph Lameter authored
Now that we have the node in the hot zone of struct zone we can avoid accessing zone_pgdat in zone_statistics. Signed-off-by:
Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Signed-off-by:
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Christoph Lameter authored
We do not need to allocate pagesets for unpopulated zones. Signed-off-by:
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Christoph Lameter authored
Add the node in order to optimize zone_to_nid. Signed-off-by:
Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Signed-off-by:
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Christoph Lameter authored
This patch insures that the slab node lists in the NUMA case only contain slabs that belong to that specific node. All slab allocations use GFP_THISNODE when calling into the page allocator. If an allocation fails then we fall back in the slab allocator according to the zonelists appropriate for a certain context. This allows a replication of the behavior of alloc_pages and alloc_pages node in the slab layer. Currently allocations requested from the page allocator may be redirected via cpusets to other nodes. This results in remote pages on nodelists and that in turn results in interrupt latency issues during cache draining. Plus the slab is handing out memory as local when it is really remote. Fallback for slab memory allocations will occur within the slab allocator and not in the page allocator. This is necessary in order to be able to use the existing pools of objects on the nodes that we fall back to before adding more pages to a slab. The fallback function insures that the nodes we fall back to obey cpuset restrictions of the current context. We do not allocate objects from outside of the current cpuset context like before. Note that the implementation of locality constraints within the slab allocator requires importing logic from the page allocator. This is a mischmash that is not that great. Other allocators (uncached allocator, vmalloc, huge pages) face similar problems and have similar minimal reimplementations of the basic fallback logic of the page allocator. There is another way of implementing a slab by avoiding per node lists (see modular slab) but this wont work within the existing slab. V1->V2: - Use NUMA_BUILD to avoid #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA - Exploit GFP_THISNODE being 0 in the NON_NUMA case to avoid another #ifdef [akpm@osdl.org: build fix] Signed-off-by:
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Christoph Lameter authored
GFP_THISNODE must be set to 0 in the non numa case otherwise we disable retry and warnings for failing allocations in the SMP and UP case. Signed-off-by:
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Christoph Lameter authored
The NUMA_BUILD constant is always available and will be set to 1 on NUMA_BUILDs. That way checks valid only under CONFIG_NUMA can easily be done without #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA F.e. if (NUMA_BUILD && <numa_condition>) { ... } [akpm: not a thing we'd normally do, but CONFIG_NUMA is special: it is causing ifdef explosion in core kernel, so let's see if this is a comfortable way in whcih to control that] Signed-off-by: -
Jes Sorensen authored
On larger systems, the amount of output dumped on the console when you do SysRq-M is beyond insane. This patch is trying to reduce it somewhat as even with the smaller NUMA systems that have hit the desktop this seems to be a fair thing to do. The philosophy I have taken is as follows: 1) If a zone is empty, don't tell, we don't need yet another line telling us so. The information is available since one can look up the fact how many zones were initialized in the first place. 2) Put as much information on a line is possible, if it can be done in one line, rahter than two, then do it in one. I tried to format the temperature stuff for easy reading. Change show_free_areas() to not print lines for empty zones. If no zone output is printed, the zone is empty. This reduces the number of lines dumped to the console in sysrq on a large system by several thousand lines. Change the zone temperature printouts to use one line per CPU instead of two lines (one hot, one cold). On a 1024 CPU, 1024 node system, this reduces the console output by over a million lines of output. While this is a bigger problem on large NUMA systems, it is also applicable to smaller desktop sized and mid range NUMA systems. Old format: Mem-info: Node 0 DMA per-cpu: cpu 0 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:24 cpu 0 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:1 cpu 1 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:34 cpu 1 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0 cpu 2 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0 cpu 2 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0 cpu 3 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0 cpu 3 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0 cpu 4 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0 cpu 4 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0 cpu 5 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0 cpu 5 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0 cpu 6 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0 cpu 6 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0 cpu 7 hot: high 42, batch 7 used:0 cpu 7 cold: high 14, batch 3 used:0 Node 0 DMA32 per-cpu: empty Node 0 Normal per-cpu: empty Node 0 HighMem per-cpu: empty Node 1 DMA per-cpu: [snip] Free pages: 5410688kB (0kB HighMem) Active:9536 inactive:4261 dirty:6 writeback:0 unstable:0 free:338168 slab:1931 mapped:1900 pagetables:208 Node 0 DMA free:1676304kB min:3264kB low:4080kB high:4896kB active:128048kB inactive:61568kB present:1970880kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Node 0 DMA32 free:0kB min:0kB low:0kB high:0kB active:0kB inactive:0kB present:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Node 0 Normal free:0kB min:0kB low:0kB high:0kB active:0kB inactive:0kB present:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Node 0 HighMem free:0kB min:512kB low:512kB high:512kB active:0kB inactive:0kB present:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Node 1 DMA free:1951728kB min:3280kB low:4096kB high:4912kB active:5632kB inactive:1504kB present:1982464kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 .... New format: Mem-info: Node 0 DMA per-cpu: CPU 0: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 41 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 2 CPU 1: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 40 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 1 CPU 2: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0 CPU 3: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0 CPU 4: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0 CPU 5: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0 CPU 6: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0 CPU 7: Hot: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 0 Cold: hi: 14, btch: 3 usd: 0 Node 1 DMA per-cpu: [snip] Free pages: 5411088kB (0kB HighMem) Active:9558 inactive:4233 dirty:6 writeback:0 unstable:0 free:338193 slab:1942 mapped:1918 pagetables:208 Node 0 DMA free:1677648kB min:3264kB low:4080kB high:4896kB active:129296kB inactive:58864kB present:1970880kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Node 1 DMA free:1948448kB min:3280kB low:4096kB high:4912kB active:6864kB inactive:3536kB present:1982464kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Signed-off-by: -
Christoph Lameter authored
kmalloc_node() falls back to ___cache_alloc() under certain conditions and at that point memory policies may be applied redirecting the allocation away from the current node. Therefore kmalloc_node(...,numa_node_id()) or kmalloc_node(...,-1) may not return memory from the local node. Fix this by doing the policy check in __cache_alloc() instead of ____cache_alloc(). This version here is a cleanup of Kiran's patch. - Tested on ia64. - Extra material removed. - Consolidate the exit path if alternate_node_alloc() returned an object. [akpm@osdl.org: warning fix] Signed-off-by:
Alok N Kataria <alok.kataria@calsoftinc.com> Signed-off-by:
Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org> Signed-off-by:
Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org> Signed-off-by:
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Nick Piggin authored
Clean up the invalidate code, and use a common function to safely remove the page from pagecache. Signed-off-by:
Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by:
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Heiko Carstens authored
This moves the definition of struct page from mm.h to its own header file page-struct.h. This is a prereq to fix SetPageUptodate which is broken on s390: #define SetPageUptodate(_page) do { struct page *__page = (_page); if (!test_and_set_bit(PG_uptodate, &__page->flags)) page_test_and_clear_dirty(_page); } while (0) _page gets used twice in this macro which can cause subtle bugs. Using __page for the page_test_and_clear_dirty call doesn't work since it causes yet another problem with the page_test_and_clear_dirty macro as well. In order to avoid all these problems caused by macros it seems to be a good idea to get rid of them and convert them to static inline functions. Because of header file include order it's necessary to have a seperate header file for the struct page definition. Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by:
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Andrew Morton authored
The VM is supposed to minimise the number of pages which get written off the LRU (for IO scheduling efficiency, and for high reclaim-success rates). But we don't actually have a clear way of showing how true this is. So add `nr_vmscan_write' to /proc/vmstat and /proc/zoneinfo - the number of pages which have been written by the vm scanner in this zone and globally. Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Arch-independent zone-sizing determines the size of a node (pgdat->node_spanned_pages) based on the physical memory that was registered by the architecture. However, when CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE is set, the architecture expects that the spanned_pages will be much larger and that mem_map will be allocated that is used lated on memory hot-add. This patch allows an architecture that sets CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE to call push_node_boundaries() which will set the node beginning and end to at *least* the requested boundary. Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: "Keith Mannthey" <kmannth@gmail.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
absent_pages_in_range() made the assumption that users of the API would not care about holes beyound the end of physical memory. This was not the case. This patch will account for ranges outside of physical memory as holes correctly. Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: "Keith Mannthey" <kmannth@gmail.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
The x86_64 code accounted for memmap and some portions of the the DMA zone as holes. This was because those areas would never be reclaimed and accounting for them as memory affects min watermarks. This patch will account for the memmap as a memory hole. Architectures may optionally use set_dma_reserve() if they wish to account for a portion of memory in ZONE_DMA as a hole. Signed-off-by:
Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: "Keith Mannthey" <kmannth@gmail.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Size zones and holes in an architecture independent manner for ia64. [bob.picco@hp.com: fix ia64 FLATMEM+VIRTUAL_MEM_MAP] Signed-off-by:
Bob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: "Keith Mannthey" <kmannth@gmail.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Size zones and holes in an architecture independent manner for x86_64. Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Size zones and holes in an architecture independent manner for x86. [akpm@osdl.org: build fix] Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Size zones and holes in an architecture independent manner for Power. [judith@osdl.org: build fix] Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
At a basic level, architectures define structures to record where active ranges of page frames are located. Once located, the code to calculate zone sizes and holes in each architecture is very similar. Some of this zone and hole sizing code is difficult to read for no good reason. This set of patches eliminates the similar-looking architecture-specific code. The patches introduce a mechanism where architectures register where the active ranges of page frames are with add_active_range(). When all areas have been discovered, free_area_init_nodes() is called to initialise the pgdat and zones. The zone sizes and holes are then calculated in an architecture independent manner. Patch 1 introduces the mechanism for registering and initialising PFN ranges Patch 2 changes ppc to use the mechanism - 139 arch-specific LOC removed Patch 3 changes x86 to use the mechanism - 136 arch-specific LOC removed Patch 4 changes x86_64 to use the mechanism - 74 arch-specific LOC removed Patch 5 changes ia64 to use the mechanism - 52 arch-specific LOC removed Patch 6 accounts for mem_map as a memory hole as the pages are not reclaimable. It adjusts the watermarks slightly Tony Luck has successfully tested for ia64 on Itanium with tiger_defconfig, gensparse_defconfig and defconfig. Bob Picco has also tested and debugged on IA64. Jack Steiner successfully boot tested on a mammoth SGI IA64-based machine. These were on patches against 2.6.17-rc1 and release 3 of these patches but there have been no ia64-changes since release 3. There are differences in the zone sizes for x86_64 as the arch-specific code for x86_64 accounts the kernel image and the starting mem_maps as memory holes but the architecture-independent code accounts the memory as present. The big benefit of this set of patches is a sizable reduction of architecture-specific code, some of which is very hairy. There should be a greater reduction when other architectures use the same mechanisms for zone and hole sizing but I lack the hardware to test on. Additional credit; Dave Hansen for the initial suggestion and comments on early patches Andy Whitcroft for reviewing early versions and catching numerous errors Tony Luck for testing and debugging on IA64 Bob Picco for fixing bugs related to pfn registration, reviewing a number of patch revisions, providing a number of suggestions on future direction and testing heavily Jack Steiner and Robin Holt for testing on IA64 and clarifying issues related to memory holes Yasunori for testing on IA64 Andi Kleen for reviewing and feeding back about x86_64 Christian Kujau for providing valuable information related to ACPI problems on x86_64 and testing potential fixes This patch: Define the structure to represent an active range of page frames within a node in an architecture independent manner. Architectures are expected to register active ranges of PFNs using add_active_range(nid, start_pfn, end_pfn) and call free_area_init_nodes() passing the PFNs of the end of each zone. Signed-off-by:
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Andrew Morton authored
We need processor.h for cpu_relax(). Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> Signed-off-by:
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Alexey Dobriyan authored
un-, de-, -free, -destroy, -exit, etc functions should in general return void. Also, There is very little, say, filesystem driver code can do upon failed kmem_cache_destroy(). If it will be decided to BUG in this case, BUG should be put in generic code, instead. Signed-off-by:
Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Alexey Dobriyan authored
* Rougly half of callers already do it by not checking return value * Code in drivers/acpi/osl.c does the following to be sure: (void)kmem_cache_destroy(cache); * Those who check it printk something, however, slab_error already printed the name of failed cache. * XFS BUGs on failed kmem_cache_destroy which is not the decision low-level filesystem driver should make. Converted to ignore. Signed-off-by:
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Panagiotis Issaris authored
* Removing useless casts * Removing useless wrapper * Conversion from kmalloc+memset to kzalloc Signed-off-by:
Panagiotis Issaris <takis@issaris.org> Acked-by:
Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@austin.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
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