Merge branch 'core/rcu' into core/rcu-for-linus

Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.txt

@@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ Since NMI handlers disable preemption, synchronize_sched() is guaranteed
 not to return until all ongoing NMI handlers exit.  It is therefore safe
 to free up the handler's data as soon as synchronize_sched() returns.
 
+Important note: for this to work, the architecture in question must
+invoke irq_enter() and irq_exit() on NMI entry and exit, respectively.
+
 
 Answer to Quick Quiz
 

Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt

@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ of each iteration.  Unfortunately, chaotic relaxation requires highly
 structured data, such as the matrices used in scientific programs, and
 is thus inapplicable to most data structures in operating-system kernels.
 
+In 1992, Henry (now Alexia) Massalin completed a dissertation advising
+parallel programmers to defer processing when feasible to simplify
+synchronization.  RCU makes extremely heavy use of this advice.
+
 In 1993, Jacobson [Jacobson93] verbally described what is perhaps the
 simplest deferred-free technique: simply waiting a fixed amount of time
 before freeing blocks awaiting deferred free.  Jacobson did not describe
@@ -138,6 +142,13 @@ blocking in read-side critical sections appeared [PaulEMcKenney2006c],
 Robert Olsson described an RCU-protected trie-hash combination
 [RobertOlsson2006a].
 
+2007 saw the journal version of the award-winning RCU paper from 2006
+[ThomasEHart2007a], as well as a paper demonstrating use of Promela
+and Spin to mechanically verify an optimization to Oleg Nesterov's
+QRCU [PaulEMcKenney2007QRCUspin], a design document describing
+preemptible RCU [PaulEMcKenney2007PreemptibleRCU], and the three-part
+LWN "What is RCU?" series [PaulEMcKenney2007WhatIsRCUFundamentally,
+PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUUsage, and PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUAPI].
 
 Bibtex Entries
 
@@ -202,6 +213,20 @@ Bibtex Entries
 ,Year="1991"
 }
 
+@phdthesis{HMassalinPhD
+,author="H. Massalin"
+,title="Synthesis: An Efficient Implementation of Fundamental Operating
+System Services"
+,school="Columbia University"
+,address="New York, NY"
+,year="1992"
+,annotation="
+	Mondo optimizing compiler.
+	Wait-free stuff.
+	Good advice: defer work to avoid synchronization.
+"
+}
+
 @unpublished{Jacobson93
 ,author="Van Jacobson"
 ,title="Avoid Read-Side Locking Via Delayed Free"
@@ -635,3 +660,86 @@ Revised:
 "
 }
 
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007PreemptibleRCU
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="The design of preemptible read-copy-update"
+,month="October"
+,day="8"
+,year="2007"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/253651/}
+[Viewed October 25, 2007]"
+,annotation="
+	LWN article describing the design of preemptible RCU.
+"
+}
+
+########################################################################
+#
+#	"What is RCU?" LWN series.
+#
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007WhatIsRCUFundamentally
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Walpole"
+,Title="What is {RCU}, Fundamentally?"
+,month="December"
+,day="17"
+,year="2007"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/262464/}
+[Viewed December 27, 2007]"
+,annotation="
+	Lays out the three basic components of RCU: (1) publish-subscribe,
+	(2) wait for pre-existing readers to complete, and (2) maintain
+	multiple versions.
+"
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUUsage
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="What is {RCU}? Part 2: Usage"
+,month="January"
+,day="4"
+,year="2008"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/263130/}
+[Viewed January 4, 2008]"
+,annotation="
+	Lays out six uses of RCU:
+	1. RCU is a Reader-Writer Lock Replacement
+	2. RCU is a Restricted Reference-Counting Mechanism
+	3. RCU is a Bulk Reference-Counting Mechanism
+	4. RCU is a Poor Man's Garbage Collector
+	5. RCU is a Way of Providing Existence Guarantees
+	6. RCU is a Way of Waiting for Things to Finish 
+"
+}
+
+@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUAPI
+,Author="Paul E. McKenney"
+,Title="{RCU} part 3: the {RCU} {API}"
+,month="January"
+,day="17"
+,year="2008"
+,note="Available:
+\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/264090/}
+[Viewed January 10, 2008]"
+,annotation="
+	Gives an overview of the Linux-kernel RCU API and a brief annotated RCU
+	bibliography.
+"
+}
+
+@article{DinakarGuniguntala2008IBMSysJ
+,author="D. Guniguntala and P. E. McKenney and J. Triplett and J. Walpole"
+,title="The read-copy-update mechanism for supporting real-time applications on shared-memory multiprocessor systems with {Linux}"
+,Year="2008"
+,Month="April"
+,journal="IBM Systems Journal"
+,volume="47"
+,number="2"
+,pages="@@-@@"
+,annotation="
+	RCU, realtime RCU, sleepable RCU, performance.
+"
+}

Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt

@@ -13,10 +13,13 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
 	detailed performance measurements show that RCU is nonetheless
 	the right tool for the job.
 
-	The other exception would be where performance is not an issue,
-	and RCU provides a simpler implementation.  An example of this
-	situation is the dynamic NMI code in the Linux 2.6 kernel,
-	at least on architectures where NMIs are rare.
+	Another exception is where performance is not an issue, and RCU
+	provides a simpler implementation.  An example of this situation
+	is the dynamic NMI code in the Linux 2.6 kernel, at least on
+	architectures where NMIs are rare.
+
+	Yet another exception is where the low real-time latency of RCU's
+	read-side primitives is critically important.
 
 1.	Does the update code have proper mutual exclusion?
 
@@ -39,9 +42,10 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
 
 2.	Do the RCU read-side critical sections make proper use of
 	rcu_read_lock() and friends?  These primitives are needed
-	to suppress preemption (or bottom halves, in the case of
-	rcu_read_lock_bh()) in the read-side critical sections,
-	and are also an excellent aid to readability.
+	to prevent grace periods from ending prematurely, which
+	could result in data being unceremoniously freed out from
+	under your read-side code, which can greatly increase the
+	actuarial risk of your kernel.
 
 	As a rough rule of thumb, any dereference of an RCU-protected
 	pointer must be covered by rcu_read_lock() or rcu_read_lock_bh()
@@ -54,15 +58,30 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
 	be running while updates are in progress.  There are a number
 	of ways to handle this concurrency, depending on the situation:
 
-	a.	Make updates appear atomic to readers.  For example,
+	a.	Use the RCU variants of the list and hlist update
+		primitives to add, remove, and replace elements on an
+		RCU-protected list.  Alternatively, use the RCU-protected
+		trees that have been added to the Linux kernel.
+
+		This is almost always the best approach.
+
+	b.	Proceed as in (a) above, but also maintain per-element
+		locks (that are acquired by both readers and writers)
+		that guard per-element state.  Of course, fields that
+		the readers refrain from accessing can be guarded by the
+		update-side lock.
+
+		This works quite well, also.
+
+	c.	Make updates appear atomic to readers.  For example,
 		pointer updates to properly aligned fields will appear
 		atomic, as will individual atomic primitives.  Operations
 		performed under a lock and sequences of multiple atomic
 		primitives will -not- appear to be atomic.
 
-		This is almost always the best approach.
+		This can work, but is starting to get a bit tricky.
 
-	b.	Carefully order the updates and the reads so that
+	d.	Carefully order the updates and the reads so that
 		readers see valid data at all phases of the update.
 		This is often more difficult than it sounds, especially
 		given modern CPUs' tendency to reorder memory references.
@@ -123,18 +142,22 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
 		when publicizing a pointer to a structure that can
 		be traversed by an RCU read-side critical section.
 
-5.	If call_rcu(), or a related primitive such as call_rcu_bh(),
-	is used, the callback function must be written to be called
-	from softirq context.  In particular, it cannot block.
+5.	If call_rcu(), or a related primitive such as call_rcu_bh() or
+	call_rcu_sched(), is used, the callback function must be
+	written to be called from softirq context.  In particular,
+	it cannot block.
 
 6.	Since synchronize_rcu() can block, it cannot be called from
-	any sort of irq context.
+	any sort of irq context.  Ditto for synchronize_sched() and
+	synchronize_srcu().
 
 7.	If the updater uses call_rcu(), then the corresponding readers
 	must use rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock().  If the updater
 	uses call_rcu_bh(), then the corresponding readers must use
-	rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh().  Mixing things up
-	will result in confusion and broken kernels.
+	rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh().  If the updater
+	uses call_rcu_sched(), then the corresponding readers must
+	disable preemption.  Mixing things up will result in confusion
+	and broken kernels.
 
 	One exception to this rule: rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock()
 	may be substituted for rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh()
@@ -143,9 +166,9 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
 	such cases is a must, of course!  And the jury is still out on
 	whether the increased speed is worth it.
 
-8.	Although synchronize_rcu() is a bit slower than is call_rcu(),
-	it usually results in simpler code.  So, unless update
-	performance is critically important or the updaters cannot block,
+8.	Although synchronize_rcu() is slower than is call_rcu(), it
+	usually results in simpler code.  So, unless update performance
+	is critically important or the updaters cannot block,
 	synchronize_rcu() should be used in preference to call_rcu().
 
 	An especially important property of the synchronize_rcu()
@@ -187,23 +210,23 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
 		number of updates per grace period.
 
 9.	All RCU list-traversal primitives, which include
-	list_for_each_rcu(), list_for_each_entry_rcu(),
+	rcu_dereference(), list_for_each_rcu(), list_for_each_entry_rcu(),
 	list_for_each_continue_rcu(), and list_for_each_safe_rcu(),
-	must be within an RCU read-side critical section.  RCU
+	must be either within an RCU read-side critical section or
+	must be protected by appropriate update-side locks.  RCU
 	read-side critical sections are delimited by rcu_read_lock()
 	and rcu_read_unlock(), or by similar primitives such as
 	rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh().
 
-	Use of the _rcu() list-traversal primitives outside of an
-	RCU read-side critical section causes no harm other than
-	a slight performance degradation on Alpha CPUs.  It can
-	also be quite helpful in reducing code bloat when common
-	code is shared between readers and updaters.
+	The reason that it is permissible to use RCU list-traversal
+	primitives when the update-side lock is held is that doing so
+	can be quite helpful in reducing code bloat when common code is
+	shared between readers and updaters.
 
 10.	Conversely, if you are in an RCU read-side critical section,
-	you -must- use the "_rcu()" variants of the list macros.
-	Failing to do so will break Alpha and confuse people reading
-	your code.
+	and you don't hold the appropriate update-side lock, you -must-
+	use the "_rcu()" variants of the list macros.  Failing to do so
+	will break Alpha and confuse people reading your code.
 
 11.	Note that synchronize_rcu() -only- guarantees to wait until
 	all currently executing rcu_read_lock()-protected RCU read-side
@@ -230,6 +253,14 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
 	must use whatever locking or other synchronization is required
 	to safely access and/or modify that data structure.
 
+	RCU callbacks are -usually- executed on the same CPU that executed
+	the corresponding call_rcu(), call_rcu_bh(), or call_rcu_sched(),
+	but are by -no- means guaranteed to be.  For example, if a given
+	CPU goes offline while having an RCU callback pending, then that
+	RCU callback will execute on some surviving CPU.  (If this was
+	not the case, a self-spawning RCU callback would prevent the
+	victim CPU from ever going offline.)
+
 14.	SRCU (srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock(), and synchronize_srcu())
 	may only be invoked from process context.  Unlike other forms of
 	RCU, it -is- permissible to block in an SRCU read-side critical

Documentation/RCU/torture.txt

@@ -10,23 +10,30 @@ status messages via printk(), which can be examined via the dmesg
 command (perhaps grepping for "torture").  The test is started
 when the module is loaded, and stops when the module is unloaded.
 
-However, actually setting this config option to "y" results in the system
-running the test immediately upon boot, and ending only when the system
-is taken down.  Normally, one will instead want to build the system
-with CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST=m and to use modprobe and rmmod to control
-the test, perhaps using a script similar to the one shown at the end of
-this document.  Note that you will need CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD in order
-to be able to end the test.
+CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE
+
+It is also possible to specify CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST=y, which will
+result in the tests being loaded into the base kernel.  In this case,
+the CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE config option is used to specify
+whether the RCU torture tests are to be started immediately during
+boot or whether the /proc/sys/kernel/rcutorture_runnable file is used
+to enable them.  This /proc file can be used to repeatedly pause and
+restart the tests, regardless of the initial state specified by the
+CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE config option.
+
+You will normally -not- want to start the RCU torture tests during boot
+(and thus the default is CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE=n), but doing
+this can sometimes be useful in finding boot-time bugs.
 
 
 MODULE PARAMETERS
 
 This module has the following parameters:
 
-nreaders	This is the number of RCU reading threads supported.
-		The default is twice the number of CPUs.  Why twice?
-		To properly exercise RCU implementations with preemptible
-		read-side critical sections.
+irqreaders	Says to invoke RCU readers from irq level.  This is currently
+		done via timers.  Defaults to "1" for variants of RCU that
+		permit this.  (Or, more accurately, variants of RCU that do
+		-not- permit this know to ignore this variable.)
 
 nfakewriters	This is the number of RCU fake writer threads to run.  Fake
 		writer threads repeatedly use the synchronous "wait for
@@ -37,6 +44,16 @@ nfakewriters	This is the number of RCU fake writer threads to run.  Fake
 		to trigger special cases caused by multiple writers, such as
 		the synchronize_srcu() early return optimization.
 
+nreaders	This is the number of RCU reading threads supported.
+		The default is twice the number of CPUs.  Why twice?
+		To properly exercise RCU implementations with preemptible
+		read-side critical sections.
+
+shuffle_interval
+		The number of seconds to keep the test threads affinitied
+		to a particular subset of the CPUs, defaults to 3 seconds.
+		Used in conjunction with test_no_idle_hz.
+
 stat_interval	The number of seconds between output of torture
 		statistics (via printk()).  Regardless of the interval,
 		statistics are printed when the module is unloaded.
@@ -44,10 +61,11 @@ stat_interval	The number of seconds between output of torture
 		be printed -only- when the module is unloaded, and this
 		is the default.
 
-shuffle_interval
-		The number of seconds to keep the test threads affinitied
-		to a particular subset of the CPUs, defaults to 5 seconds.
-		Used in conjunction with test_no_idle_hz.
+stutter		The length of time to run the test before pausing for this
+		same period of time.  Defaults to "stutter=5", so as
+		to run and pause for (roughly) five-second intervals.
+		Specifying "stutter=0" causes the test to run continuously
+		without pausing, which is the old default behavior.
 
 test_no_idle_hz	Whether or not to test the ability of RCU to operate in
 		a kernel that disables the scheduling-clock interrupt to

Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt

+Please note that the "What is RCU?" LWN series is an excellent place
+to start learning about RCU:
+
+1.	What is RCU, Fundamentally?  http://lwn.net/Articles/262464/
+2.	What is RCU? Part 2: Usage   http://lwn.net/Articles/263130/
+3.	RCU part 3: the RCU API      http://lwn.net/Articles/264090/
+
+
 What is RCU?
 
 RCU is a synchronization mechanism that was added to the Linux kernel
@@ -772,26 +780,18 @@ Linux-kernel source code, but it helps to have a full list of the
 APIs, since there does not appear to be a way to categorize them
 in docbook.  Here is the list, by category.
 
-Markers for RCU read-side critical sections:
-
-	rcu_read_lock
-	rcu_read_unlock
-	rcu_read_lock_bh
-	rcu_read_unlock_bh
-	srcu_read_lock
-	srcu_read_unlock
-
 RCU pointer/list traversal:
 
 	rcu_dereference
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu
+	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu
+
 	list_for_each_rcu		(to be deprecated in favor of
 					 list_for_each_entry_rcu)
-	list_for_each_entry_rcu
 	list_for_each_continue_rcu	(to be deprecated in favor of new
 					 list_for_each_entry_continue_rcu)
-	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu
 
-RCU pointer update:
+RCU pointer/list update:
 
 	rcu_assign_pointer
 	list_add_rcu
@@ -799,16 +799,36 @@ RCU pointer update:
 	list_del_rcu
 	list_replace_rcu
 	hlist_del_rcu
+	hlist_add_after_rcu
+	hlist_add_before_rcu
 	hlist_add_head_rcu
+	hlist_replace_rcu
+	list_splice_init_rcu()
 
-RCU grace period:
+RCU:	Critical sections	Grace period		Barrier
+
+	rcu_read_lock		synchronize_net		rcu_barrier
+	rcu_read_unlock		synchronize_rcu
+				call_rcu
+
+
+bh:	Critical sections	Grace period		Barrier
+
+	rcu_read_lock_bh	call_rcu_bh		rcu_barrier_bh
+	rcu_read_unlock_bh
+
+
+sched:	Critical sections	Grace period		Barrier
+
+	[preempt_disable]	synchronize_sched	rcu_barrier_sched
+	[and friends]		call_rcu_sched
+
+
+SRCU:	Critical sections	Grace period		Barrier
+
+	srcu_read_lock		synchronize_srcu	N/A
+	srcu_read_unlock
 
-	synchronize_net
-	synchronize_sched
-	synchronize_rcu
-	synchronize_srcu
-	call_rcu
-	call_rcu_bh
 
 See the comment headers in the source code (or the docbook generated
 from them) for more information.

arch/ia64/sn/kernel/irq.c

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <linux/irq.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 #include <asm/sn/addrs.h>
 #include <asm/sn/arch.h>
 #include <asm/sn/intr.h>

crypto/async_tx/async_tx.c

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
  * 51 Franklin St - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  *
  */
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/async_tx.h>
 

drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ipath_verbs.c

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <rdma/ib_user_verbs.h>
 #include <linux/io.h>
 #include <linux/utsname.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 
 #include "ipath_kernel.h"
 #include "ipath_verbs.h"

drivers/infiniband/hw/ipath/ipath_verbs_mcast.c

@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@
  * SOFTWARE.
  */
 
-#include <linux/list.h>
-#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 
 #include "ipath_verbs.h"
 

drivers/net/macvlan.c

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
-#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 #include <linux/notifier.h>
 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
 #include <linux/etherdevice.h>

include/linux/dcache.h

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <asm/atomic.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/cache.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>

include/linux/rcuclassic.h

@@ -151,7 +151,10 @@ extern struct lockdep_map rcu_lock_map;
 
 #define __synchronize_sched() synchronize_rcu()
 
+#define call_rcu_sched(head, func) call_rcu(head, func)
+
 extern void __rcu_init(void);
+#define rcu_init_sched()	do { } while (0)
 extern void rcu_check_callbacks(int cpu, int user);
 extern void rcu_restart_cpu(int cpu);
 

include/linux/rcupdate.h

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
 #include <linux/seqlock.h>
 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
+#include <linux/completion.h>
 
 /**
  * struct rcu_head - callback structure for use with RCU
@@ -168,6 +169,27 @@ struct rcu_head {
 		(p) = (v); \
 	})
 
+/* Infrastructure to implement the synchronize_() primitives. */
+
+struct rcu_synchronize {
+	struct rcu_head head;
+	struct completion completion;
+};
+
+extern void wakeme_after_rcu(struct rcu_head  *head);
+
+#define synchronize_rcu_xxx(name, func) \
+void name(void) \
+{ \
+	struct rcu_synchronize rcu; \
+	\
+	init_completion(&rcu.completion); \
+	/* Will wake me after RCU finished. */ \
+	func(&rcu.head, wakeme_after_rcu); \
+	/* Wait for it. */ \
+	wait_for_completion(&rcu.completion); \
+}
+
 /**
  * synchronize_sched - block until all CPUs have exited any non-preemptive
  * kernel code sequences.
@@ -224,8 +246,8 @@ extern void call_rcu_bh(struct rcu_head *head,
 /* Exported common interfaces */
 extern void synchronize_rcu(void);
 extern void rcu_barrier(void);
-extern long rcu_batches_completed(void);
-extern long rcu_batches_completed_bh(void);
+extern void rcu_barrier_bh(void);
+extern void rcu_barrier_sched(void);
 
 /* Internal to kernel */
 extern void rcu_init(void);

include/linux/rcupreempt.h

@@ -40,10 +40,39 @@
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
 #include <linux/seqlock.h>
 
-#define rcu_qsctr_inc(cpu)
+struct rcu_dyntick_sched {
+	int dynticks;
+	int dynticks_snap;
+	int sched_qs;
+	int sched_qs_snap;
+	int sched_dynticks_snap;
+};
+
+DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_dyntick_sched, rcu_dyntick_sched);
+
+static inline void rcu_qsctr_inc(int cpu)
+{
+	struct rcu_dyntick_sched *rdssp = &per_cpu(rcu_dyntick_sched, cpu);
+
+	rdssp->sched_qs++;
+}
 #define rcu_bh_qsctr_inc(cpu)
 #define call_rcu_bh(head, rcu) call_rcu(head, rcu)
 
+/**
+ * call_rcu_sched - Queue RCU callback for invocation after sched grace period.
+ * @head: structure to be used for queueing the RCU updates.
+ * @func: actual update function to be invoked after the grace period
+ *
+ * The update function will be invoked some time after a full
+ * synchronize_sched()-style grace period elapses, in other words after
+ * all currently executing preempt-disabled sections of code (including
+ * hardirq handlers, NMI handlers, and local_irq_save() blocks) have
+ * completed.
+ */
+extern void call_rcu_sched(struct rcu_head *head,
+			   void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head));
+
 extern void __rcu_read_lock(void)	__acquires(RCU);
 extern void __rcu_read_unlock(void)	__releases(RCU);
 extern int rcu_pending(int cpu);
@@ -55,6 +84,7 @@ extern int rcu_needs_cpu(int cpu);
 extern void __synchronize_sched(void);
 
 extern void __rcu_init(void);
+extern void rcu_init_sched(void);
 extern void rcu_check_callbacks(int cpu, int user);
 extern void rcu_restart_cpu(int cpu);
 extern long rcu_batches_completed(void);
@@ -81,20 +111,20 @@ extern struct rcupreempt_trace *rcupreempt_trace_cpu(int cpu);
 struct softirq_action;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
-DECLARE_PER_CPU(long, dynticks_progress_counter);
+DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_dyntick_sched, rcu_dyntick_sched);
 
 static inline void rcu_enter_nohz(void)
 {
 	smp_mb(); /* CPUs seeing ++ must see prior RCU read-side crit sects */
-	__get_cpu_var(dynticks_progress_counter)++;
-	WARN_ON(__get_cpu_var(dynticks_progress_counter) & 0x1);
+	__get_cpu_var(rcu_dyntick_sched).dynticks++;
+	WARN_ON(__get_cpu_var(rcu_dyntick_sched).dynticks & 0x1);
 }
 
 static inline void rcu_exit_nohz(void)
 {
-	__get_cpu_var(dynticks_progress_counter)++;
 	smp_mb(); /* CPUs seeing ++ must see later RCU read-side crit sects */
-	WARN_ON(!(__get_cpu_var(dynticks_progress_counter) & 0x1));
+	__get_cpu_var(rcu_dyntick_sched).dynticks++;
+	WARN_ON(!(__get_cpu_var(rcu_dyntick_sched).dynticks & 0x1));
 }
 
 #else /* CONFIG_NO_HZ */

init/main.c

@@ -758,6 +758,7 @@ static void __init do_initcalls(void)
  */
 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
 {
+	rcu_init_sched(); /* needed by module_init stage. */
 	/* drivers will send hotplug events */
 	init_workqueues();
 	usermodehelper_init();

kernel/pid.c

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
 #include <linux/hash.h>
 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>

kernel/rcuclassic.c

@@ -387,6 +387,10 @@ static void __rcu_offline_cpu(struct rcu_data *this_rdp,
 	rcu_move_batch(this_rdp, rdp->donelist, rdp->donetail);
 	rcu_move_batch(this_rdp, rdp->curlist, rdp->curtail);
 	rcu_move_batch(this_rdp, rdp->nxtlist, rdp->nxttail);
+
+	local_irq_disable();
+	this_rdp->qlen += rdp->qlen;
+	local_irq_enable();
 }
 
 static void rcu_offline_cpu(int cpu)
@@ -516,10 +520,38 @@ void rcu_check_callbacks(int cpu, int user)
 	if (user ||
 	    (idle_cpu(cpu) && !in_softirq() &&
 				hardirq_count() <= (1 << HARDIRQ_SHIFT))) {
+
+		/*
+		 * Get here if this CPU took its interrupt from user
+		 * mode or from the idle loop, and if this is not a
+		 * nested interrupt.  In this case, the CPU is in
+		 * a quiescent state, so count it.
+		 *
+		 * Also do a memory barrier.  This is needed to handle
+		 * the case where writes from a preempt-disable section
+		 * of code get reordered into schedule() by this CPU's
+		 * write buffer.  The memory barrier makes sure that
+		 * the rcu_qsctr_inc() and rcu_bh_qsctr_inc() are see
+		 * by other CPUs to happen after any such write.
+		 */
+
+		smp_mb();  /* See above block comment. */
 		rcu_qsctr_inc(cpu);
 		rcu_bh_qsctr_inc(cpu);
-	} else if (!in_softirq())
+
+	} else if (!in_softirq()) {
+
+		/*
+		 * Get here if this CPU did not take its interrupt from
+		 * softirq, in other words, if it is not interrupting
+		 * a rcu_bh read-side critical section.  This is an _bh
+		 * critical section, so count it.  The memory barrier
+		 * is needed for the same reason as is the above one.
+		 */
+
+		smp_mb();  /* See above block comment. */
 		rcu_bh_qsctr_inc(cpu);
+	}
 	raise_rcu_softirq();
 }
 

kernel/rcupdate.c

@@ -39,16 +39,16 @@
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <asm/atomic.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
-#include <linux/completion.h>
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
 #include <linux/notifier.h>
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 
-struct rcu_synchronize {
-	struct rcu_head head;
-	struct completion completion;
+enum rcu_barrier {
+	RCU_BARRIER_STD,
+	RCU_BARRIER_BH,
+	RCU_BARRIER_SCHED,
 };
 
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_head, rcu_barrier_head) = {NULL};
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ static struct completion rcu_barrier_completion;
  * Awaken the corresponding synchronize_rcu() instance now that a
  * grace period has elapsed.
  */
-static void wakeme_after_rcu(struct rcu_head  *head)
+void wakeme_after_rcu(struct rcu_head  *head)
 {
 	struct rcu_synchronize *rcu;
 
@@ -77,17 +77,7 @@ static void wakeme_after_rcu(struct rcu_head  *head)
  * sections are delimited by rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(),
  * and may be nested.
  */
-void synchronize_rcu(void)
-{
-	struct rcu_synchronize rcu;
-
-	init_completion(&rcu.completion);
-	/* Will wake me after RCU finished */
-	call_rcu(&rcu.head, wakeme_after_rcu);
-
-	/* Wait for it */
-	wait_for_completion(&rcu.completion);
-}
+synchronize_rcu_xxx(synchronize_rcu, call_rcu)
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synchronize_rcu);
 
 static void rcu_barrier_callback(struct rcu_head *notused)
@@ -99,19 +89,30 @@ static void rcu_barrier_callback(struct rcu_head *notused)
 /*
  * Called with preemption disabled, and from cross-cpu IRQ context.
  */
-static void rcu_barrier_func(void *notused)
+static void rcu_barrier_func(void *type)
 {
 	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
 	struct rcu_head *head = &per_cpu(rcu_barrier_head, cpu);
 
 	atomic_inc(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count);
-	call_rcu(head, rcu_barrier_callback);
+	switch ((enum rcu_barrier)type) {
+	case RCU_BARRIER_STD:
+		call_rcu(head, rcu_barrier_callback);
+		break;
+	case RCU_BARRIER_BH:
+		call_rcu_bh(head, rcu_barrier_callback);
+		break;
+	case RCU_BARRIER_SCHED:
+		call_rcu_sched(head, rcu_barrier_callback);
+		break;
+	}
 }
 
-/**
- * rcu_barrier - Wait until all the in-flight RCUs are complete.
+/*
+ * Orchestrate the specified type of RCU barrier, waiting for all
+ * RCU callbacks of the specified type to complete.
  */
-void rcu_barrier(void)
+static void _rcu_barrier(enum rcu_barrier type)
 {
 	BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
 	/* Take cpucontrol mutex to protect against CPU hotplug */
@@ -127,13 +128,39 @@ void rcu_barrier(void)
 	 * until all the callbacks are queued.
 	 */
 	rcu_read_lock();
-	on_each_cpu(rcu_barrier_func, NULL, 0, 1);
+	on_each_cpu(rcu_barrier_func, (void *)type, 0, 1);
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 	wait_for_completion(&rcu_barrier_completion);
 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_barrier_mutex);
 }
+
+/**
+ * rcu_barrier - Wait until all in-flight call_rcu() callbacks complete.
+ */
+void rcu_barrier(void)
+{
+	_rcu_barrier(RCU_BARRIER_STD);
+}
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_barrier);
 
+/**
+ * rcu_barrier_bh - Wait until all in-flight call_rcu_bh() callbacks complete.
+ */
+void rcu_barrier_bh(void)
+{
+	_rcu_barrier(RCU_BARRIER_BH);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_barrier_bh);
+
+/**
+ * rcu_barrier_sched - Wait for in-flight call_rcu_sched() callbacks.
+ */
+void rcu_barrier_sched(void)
+{
+	_rcu_barrier(RCU_BARRIER_SCHED);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_barrier_sched);
+
 void __init rcu_init(void)
 {
 	__rcu_init();

kernel/rcupreempt_trace.c

@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 #include <linux/percpu.h>
 #include <linux/notifier.h>
-#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/rcupreempt_trace.h>

kernel/sysctl.c

@@ -83,6 +83,9 @@ extern int maps_protect;
 extern int sysctl_stat_interval;
 extern int latencytop_enabled;
 extern int sysctl_nr_open_min, sysctl_nr_open_max;
+#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST
+extern int rcutorture_runnable;
+#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST */
 
 /* Constants used for minimum and  maximum */
 #if defined(CONFIG_DETECT_SOFTLOCKUP) || defined(CONFIG_HIGHMEM)
@@ -820,6 +823,16 @@ static struct ctl_table kern_table[] = {
 		.child		= key_sysctls,
 	},
 #endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST
+	{
+		.ctl_name       = CTL_UNNUMBERED,
+		.procname       = "rcutorture_runnable",
+		.data           = &rcutorture_runnable,
+		.maxlen         = sizeof(int),
+		.mode           = 0644,
+		.proc_handler   = &proc_dointvec,
+	},
+#endif
 /*
  * NOTE: do not add new entries to this table unless you have read
  * Documentation/sysctl/ctl_unnumbered.txt

lib/Kconfig.debug

@@ -530,16 +530,34 @@ config BOOT_PRINTK_DELAY
 config RCU_TORTURE_TEST
 	tristate "torture tests for RCU"
 	depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
-	depends on m
 	default n
 	help
 	  This option provides a kernel module that runs torture tests
 	  on the RCU infrastructure.  The kernel module may be built
 	  after the fact on the running kernel to be tested, if desired.
 
+	  Say Y here if you want RCU torture tests to be built into
+	  the kernel.
 	  Say M if you want the RCU torture tests to build as a module.
 	  Say N if you are unsure.
 
+config RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE
+	bool "torture tests for RCU runnable by default"
+	depends on RCU_TORTURE_TEST = y
+	default n
+	help
+	  This option provides a way to build the RCU torture tests
+	  directly into the kernel without them starting up at boot
+	  time.  You can use /proc/sys/kernel/rcutorture_runnable
+	  to manually override this setting.  This /proc file is
+	  available only when the RCU torture tests have been built
+	  into the kernel.
+
+	  Say Y here if you want the RCU torture tests to start during
+	  boot (you probably don't).
+	  Say N here if you want the RCU torture tests to start only
+	  after being manually enabled via /proc.
+
 config KPROBES_SANITY_TEST
 	bool "Kprobes sanity tests"
 	depends on DEBUG_KERNEL

lib/textsearch.c

@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/textsearch.h>

net/802/psnap.c

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/in.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 
 static LIST_HEAD(snap_list);
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(snap_lock);

net/8021q/vlan.c

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/in.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 #include <net/p8022.h>
 #include <net/arp.h>
 #include <linux/rtnetlink.h>

net/bridge/br_fdb.c

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/times.h>
 #include <linux/netdevice.h>

net/bridge/br_stp.c

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
  *	2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  */
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 
 #include "br_private.h"
 #include "br_private_stp.h"

net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_helper.c

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 
 #include <net/netfilter/nf_conntrack.h>
 #include <net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_l3proto.h>

net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/timer.h>
 #include <linux/skbuff.h>

net/netlabel/netlabel_domainhash.c

@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <linux/types.h>
-#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
-#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/rculist.h>
 #include <linux/skbuff.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>