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  1. 10 Sep, 2005 4 commits
    • Paul Jackson's avatar
      [PATCH] cpuset semaphore depth check deadlock fix · 4247bdc6
      Paul Jackson authored 
      The cpusets-formalize-intermediate-gfp_kernel-containment patch
has a deadlock problem.

This patch was part of a set of four patches to make more
extensive use of the cpuset 'mem_exclusive' attribute to
manage kernel GFP_KERNEL memory allocations and to constrain
the out-of-memory (oom) killer.

A task that is changing cpusets in particular ways on a system
when it is very short of free memory could double trip over
the global cpuset_sem semaphore (get the lock and then deadlock
trying to get it again).

The second attempt to get cpuset_sem would be in the routine
cpuset_zone_allowed().  This was discovered by code inspection.
I can not reproduce the problem except with an artifically
hacked kernel and a specialized stress test.

In real life you cannot hit this unless you are manipulating
cpusets, and are very unlikely to hit it unless you are rapidly
modifying cpusets on a memory tight system.  Even then it would
be a rare occurence.

If you did hit it, the task double tripping over cpuset_sem
would deadlock in the kernel, and any other task also trying
to manipulate cpusets would deadlock there too, on cpuset_sem.
Your batch manager would be wedged solid (if it was cpuset
savvy), but classic Unix shells and utilities would work well
enough to reboot the system.

The unusual condition that led to this bug is that unlike most
semaphores, cpuset_sem _can_ be acquired while in the page
allocation code, when __alloc_pages() calls cpuset_zone_allowed.
So it easy to mistakenly perform the following sequence:
  1) task makes system call to alter a cpuset
  2) take cpuset_sem
  3) try to allocate memory
  4) memory allocator, via cpuset_zone_allowed, trys to take cpuset_sem
  5) deadlock

The reason that this is not a serious bug for most users
is that almost all calls to allocate memory don't require
taking cpuset_sem.  Only some code paths off the beaten
track require taking cpuset_sem -- which is good.  Taking
a global semaphore on the main code path for allocating
memory would not scale well.

This patch fixes this deadlock by wrapping the up() and down()
calls on cpuset_sem in kernel/cpuset.c with code that tracks
the nesting depth of the current task on that semaphore, and
only does the real down() if the task doesn't hold the lock
already, and only does the real up() if the nesting depth
(number of unmatched downs) is exactly one.

The previous required use of refresh_mems(), anytime that
the cpuset_sem semaphore was acquired and the code executed
while holding that semaphore might try to allocate memory, is
no longer required.  Two refresh_mems() calls were removed
thanks to this.  This is a good change, as failing to get
all the necessary refresh_mems() calls placed was a primary
source of bugs in this cpuset code.  The only remaining call
to refresh_mems() is made while doing a memory allocation,
if certain task memory placement data needs to be updated
from its cpuset, due to the cpuset having been changed behind
the tasks back.
Signed-off-by: default avatarPaul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      4247bdc6
    • Ingo Molnar's avatar
      [PATCH] spinlock consolidation · fb1c8f93
      Ingo Molnar authored 
      This patch (written by me and also containing many suggestions of Arjan van
de Ven) does a major cleanup of the spinlock code.  It does the following
things:

 - consolidates and enhances the spinlock/rwlock debugging code

 - simplifies the asm/spinlock.h files

 - encapsulates the raw spinlock type and moves generic spinlock
   features (such as ->break_lock) into the generic code.

 - cleans up the spinlock code hierarchy to get rid of the spaghetti.

Most notably there's now only a single variant of the debugging code,
located in lib/spinlock_debug.c.  (previously we had one SMP debugging
variant per architecture, plus a separate generic one for UP builds)

Also, i've enhanced the rwlock debugging facility, it will now track
write-owners.  There is new spinlock-owner/CPU-tracking on SMP builds too.
All locks have lockup detection now, which will work for both soft and hard
spin/rwlock lockups.

The arch-level include files now only contain the minimally necessary
subset of the spinlock code - all the rest that can be generalized now
lives in the generic headers:

 include/asm-i386/spinlock_types.h       |   16
 include/asm-x86_64/spinlock_types.h     |   16

I have also split up the various spinlock variants into separate files,
making it easier to see which does what. The new layout is:

   SMP                         |  UP
   ----------------------------|-----------------------------------
   asm/spinlock_types_smp.h    |  linux/spinlock_types_up.h
   linux/spinlock_types.h      |  linux/spinlock_types.h
   asm/spinlock_smp.h          |  linux/spinlock_up.h
   linux/spinlock_api_smp.h    |  linux/spinlock_api_up.h
   linux/spinlock.h            |  linux/spinlock.h

/*
 * here's the role of the various spinlock/rwlock related include files:
 *
 * on SMP builds:
 *
 *  asm/spinlock_types.h: contains the raw_spinlock_t/raw_rwlock_t and the
 *                        initializers
 *
 *  linux/spinlock_types.h:
 *                        defines the generic type and initializers
 *
 *  asm/spinlock.h:       contains the __raw_spin_*()/etc. lowlevel
 *                        implementations, mostly inline assembly code
 *
 *   (also included on UP-debug builds:)
 *
 *  linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:
 *                        contains the prototypes for the _spin_*() APIs.
 *
 *  linux/spinlock.h:     builds the final spin_*() APIs.
 *
 * on UP builds:
 *
 *  linux/spinlock_type_up.h:
 *                        contains the generic, simplified UP spinlock type.
 *                        (which is an empty structure on non-debug builds)
 *
 *  linux/spinlock_types.h:
 *                        defines the generic type and initializers
 *
 *  linux/spinlock_up.h:
 *                        contains the __raw_spin_*()/etc. version of UP
 *                        builds. (which are NOPs on non-debug, non-preempt
 *                        builds)
 *
 *   (included on UP-non-debug builds:)
 *
 *  linux/spinlock_api_up.h:
 *                        builds the _spin_*() APIs.
 *
 *  linux/spinlock.h:     builds the final spin_*() APIs.
 */

All SMP and UP architectures are converted by this patch.

arm, i386, ia64, ppc, ppc64, s390/s390x, x64 was build-tested via
crosscompilers.  m32r, mips, sh, sparc, have not been tested yet, but should
be mostly fine.

From: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org>

  Booted and lightly tested on a500-44 (64-bit, SMP kernel, dual CPU).
  Builds 32-bit SMP kernel (not booted or tested).  I did not try to build
  non-SMP kernels.  That should be trivial to fix up later if necessary.

  I converted bit ops atomic_hash lock to raw_spinlock_t.  Doing so avoids
  some ugly nesting of linux/*.h and asm/*.h files.  Those particular locks
  are well tested and contained entirely inside arch specific code.  I do NOT
  expect any new issues to arise with them.

 If someone does ever need to use debug/metrics with them, then they will
  need to unravel this hairball between spinlocks, atomic ops, and bit ops
  that exist only because parisc has exactly one atomic instruction: LDCW
  (load and clear word).

From: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>

   ia64 fix
Signed-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: default avatarArjan van de Ven <arjanv@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarGrant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarHirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarMikael Pettersson <mikpe@csd.uu.se>
Signed-off-by: default avatarBenoit Boissinot <benoit.boissinot@ens-lyon.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      fb1c8f93
    • Alan Cox's avatar
      [PATCH] Subject: PATCH: fix numa caused compile warnings · 4327edf6
      Alan Cox authored 
      pcibus_to_cpumask expands into more than just an initialiser so gcc
moans about code before variable declarations.
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlan Cox <alan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      4327edf6
    • Andrew Morton's avatar
      [PATCH] ntfs build fix · b4012a98
      Andrew Morton authored 
      *** Warning: "bit_spin_lock" [fs/ntfs/ntfs.ko] undefined!
*** Warning: "bit_spin_unlock" [fs/ntfs/ntfs.ko] undefined!

Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <aia21@cantab.net>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      b4012a98
  3. 09 Sep, 2005 36 commits